Dozens of Christians across India are spending the Christmas season in detention after being charged under state anti-conversion laws, raising fresh concerns among church leaders and human rights groups about religious freedom in the country.
Christian advocacy organisations estimate that at least 112 Christians remain in prison this Christmas, the majority of them accused of violating anti-conversion legislation. Uttar Pradesh, the country's most populous state, accounts for at least 82 of those cases, following a rise in arrests since the law there was strengthened in 2024.
The anti-conversion laws, now enforced in country's 12 states, prohibit religious conversion carried out through coercion, inducement or fraud. Critics argue the laws are frequently used to target religious minorities, particularly Christians and Muslims.
Christian leaders say the pattern of arrests is often similar: prayer meetings or religious gatherings are disrupted by complaints of forced conversion, after which police detain Christians under multiple provisions of the law. Legal workers assisting the accused report that many cases lack evidence.
According to lawyers and church representatives, bail has become increasingly difficult to obtain under the amended legislation. Even in cases where no alleged victim of forced conversion is identified, those arrested may remain in custody for months while legal proceedings continue.
The United Christian Forum (UCF), an ecumenical body based in New Delhi that monitors incidents involving Christians, said the growing number of detentions during the Christmas season is deeply concerning.
Church leaders say the situation has created hardship for many families, particularly during a period traditionally centred on worship, family gatherings and celebration.
Despite the challenges, Christian communities across several states are continuing Christmas observances through prayer meetings and outreach to families of those detained, offering material assistance and spiritual support.
Religious freedom advocates are calling on state authorities to ensure fair application of the law, respect constitutional protections for freedom of belief, and prevent its misuse against minority communities.
Adapted from UCA News.
