A new study suggests that many people in Britain who leave Christianity are not turning to other major world religions, but instead are moving towards pagan or spiritual practices, or abandoning organised religion altogether.
The research, carried out by the Institute for the Impact of Faith in Life, surveyed more than 2,700 adults who said they had experienced a change in their beliefs. The findings indicate that Britain is not simply becoming non-religious, but is seeing a shift away from traditional religious structures towards highly personal forms of spirituality.
The study reports that 44% of those questioned had stepped away from Christianity, while 17% said they were new to the Christian faith. Almost four in ten said they now identify as atheist or agnostic. According to the authors, this points to a significant re-shaping of belief in the country rather than a disappearance of faith.
Among those who said they had left Christianity, around two-thirds described themselves as atheist or agnostic. However, the study also shows a noticeable movement towards spiritual or nature-based practices, including Wicca and Pagan traditions. Smaller numbers reported becoming Buddhist or Muslim.
Although the number of pagans in Britain remains relatively small, official census figures show steady growth over the past decade. These communities are most commonly found in rural areas such as Cornwall, Somerset and parts of Wales. Public attention to Pagan and Wiccan practices has increased in recent years, with many adults exploring spiritual paths outside formal religious life. For some, this involves seeking emotional wellbeing, meaning, or connection with the natural world.
According to the report, modern pagan worship in the UK usually takes place in homes or open spaces rather than in formal religious settings. Rituals and symbolism are central, often drawing from ancient myths, though many followers describe their beliefs as personal and experiential. Environmental concerns form a key part of these practices, with seasonal festivals and celebrations focused on the rhythms of nature.
When asked why they had left their Christian faith, half of respondents said they no longer believed in God or the supernatural. Others pointed to doubts about Christian teaching, disagreements with personal values, or intellectual challenges. One in five mentioned difficult experiences with church leaders or church communities.
Despite the decline in numbers, the study also highlights that Christianity continues to attract new believers. Many who reported becoming Christian did not associate themselves with well-known denominations, preferring instead to describe a direct, personal faith in Jesus. Some said they were intentionally distancing themselves from formal church structures while still embracing Christian belief.
Adapted from The Christian Post.
